Rotary explosion-engine.



E. K, STANDISH! ROTARY EXPLOSION ENGIKE, APPLIOATIGH FILED NOV. 9, 1907.

1,033,748. Patented July 23,1912.

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A INVENTOR.

A TTOR NE Y.

WIiNESSES: I v

- E. K. STANDISH ROTARY EXPLOSION ENGINE. APFLIOATIOH FILED NOV 9, 1907.

1,033,748. 7 Patented July 23, 1912 2 SHEET8-SHEBT 2.

- W WA A v I Y Y 53 I 1 /47 1 h k I 5/ 50- 5 50 9 1 x (I U WITNESSES:INVENTOR.

MAWJAM Z; 7 By min? WM- $22M.

ATTORNEY UNIT D srnfrns PATIENT. OFFICE.

EDWhRD K. STANDISH, OF WALTH AM, MASSACHUSETTS.

ROTARY EXlLOSION-ENGINE.

.1 ,oaarae.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 23, 1912.

Application filed November 9, 1907. Serial N 0. 401,402.

To (/73 whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD K. STANDISH, a citizen of the United States,and a resident 'of W altham, in the county of Middlesex and State ofMassachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Rotary Explosion-Engines,

of which the following description, in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, lS a specificatlon, like figures on the drawings re DIESQHUIIglike parts.

This invention relates to rotary or turbine explosion engines, whereby,among other desirable results, I obtain a cleaner mlxture than in theusual two cycle gas, engine, a

greater gas expansion, less back pressure,

better cooling, a high'speed make and break timing device, fewerand'more' accessible parts than in previous constructions, greatercompactness, .less vibration and lighter weight per horse power.

In order that the principles of the invention may be clearly understood,I have disclosed a single type or embodiment there'- of in theaccompanylng drawings, wherein Figure 1 1s a vertical, transversesection taken through the charging piston and that portion of the'casingadjacent thereto, on

theline CD, Fig. 3; Fig. 2 is a verticah transverse section of theworking piston and that portionof the casing adjacent thereto on theline AB, Fig. 3; and Fig. 3 is a View, partially in plan and partiallyin transverse section, of an engine constructed in accordance with myinvention.

Referring specifically to the single type or embodiment of the inventionherein selected for illustration, the shaft whereon the rotating partsare mounted is indicated at v1 in each of the figures, it being mountedinany suitable manner for rotation in the casing or chamber 2, as, forexample, upon supportg ing trusses or bridges 3, which are of suchconstruction as not to interfere with the free circulation of airthrough the interior of the casing. The casing or chamber 2 is hereinrepresented as of generally cylindrical formation, and.is preferablyformed of upper and lower castings 4 and 4' (Fig. 1) which may beidentical or substantially so in: form, being made if desired from thesame casting. As indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, the casing sections 4 and aare provided along opposite lateraledges with longitu dinally disposedrecesses receiving therein suitable packing strips or bars 5, whichaccurately locate the casing members during the assembling of the partsand tightly pack the same.

In the present embodiment of my invention, I mount uponthe shaft 1 forrotation therewith a charging or compression piston or rotor 6 (seeFig. 1) and a workin or explosion piston or rotor 7' (see Fig. 2Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, I provide at suitable pointsbetween the inner face of the casing and charging piston 6 suitablepacking strips or bars 8, which herei eccentric portions 11 and 12between which,

and the inner wall of the casing 2 are formed charging chambers 13 and14," to which the expansive mixture supplied from any suitable source isentered by means of inlet pipes- 15 and 16'. Between said inlets 15 and16 and the peripheral wall of the compression piston I provide suitableabutments 17 and p 18 adapted to co-act with the peripheral face of saidpiston to direct the charges of expansive mixture from the chargingchamhers 13 and 14 into the compression chambers 19 and 20, representedmost clearly \in Figs. 2 and 3. As each abutment-l7 and 18 is in thistype of my invent'ion represented as pivotally mounted in the casing 2and as providrd with suitable packing .21 and 22 upon those facesthereof contacting-with the casing and piston, if desired and preferablythe ends of said abutments are suitably packed. Each of said abutments.is normally inwardly spring presse'dby means of springs 23 and 24suitably mopnted upon lugs carried by the casing and ali'utments;

respectively. Each abutment is herein provided with one or more openings25 to per-- mit the passage of the expansive mixture from thepipes'15and 'into-Qcharging' chambers 1 3Iand1i, It will "be apparent that inthis type of the invention the charges 5 through ap roximately onequarter revoluare admitted at substantially diametrically opposed pointsand that'the said charging plston procure's two charges simultaneouslyrically opposed. It will: thus be apparent that the charges arecompressed simultaneously in such manner as to practical] eqlfali-ze thepresssure u on the surfaces/c both the charging and .te working pistons.

It will be apparent that theleading face 26 I of-eaeh abutment servesto. direct the charges, as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1, into thecompression chambers 19 and 20,

-which, as illustrated in Fig. 3, are disposed 20 indirect communicationlongitudinally of the casing.

One object of my invention is to compress the charges in the compressionchabers 1,9

and 20 and to maintain such compression therein without appreciable lossuntil such charges are ignited. While I may accomplish this result invarious ways, in this embodiment of my invention, I rovide (see Fig. 2)a suitable number of a utments 27, 28 pivotally mounted at 29 updn theworking piston and preferably at diametrically opposite points, and alsoprovide abutments 30, 31 pivotally mounted at 32 in the casing, theabutments 30, 31 being adapted to act as the leading face of thecompression chambers 19 and 20 respectively during the compression ofthe charges there'imand are suitably packed .at top, bottom and sides asshown, the abutments 27, 28 being adapted to act as the leading faces ofsaid compression chambers when the charges are ignited, whereby theimpact or motive force of the charges is directly received by saidabutments 27, 28 and whereby the charges are retained under full comression but without appreciableloss in sai chambers 19 and 20 untilignited. The number of abutments may vary according to the requirementsof the partieulartype of engine. I may rovide one or more abutments, butfind that two or four, give'excellent results. It is also apparent thatthe number of easing abutments may be varied to suit the require-- mentsof the particular engine. By the diametric disposition of the wprkingpiston abutments,-an equal distribution of pressure "upon the QWOI'kIIIgiston is obtained, the piston beingthus ha anced at all times and sidethrust being eliminated. Each abutidles 34,, which, in turn,

ment 27, 28 normally moves outward under centrifugal action. PreferablyI provide al 'so .coiled springs 33' mounted up are seated-1n lugs 35,projecting from the shaft-bearing and.

5 recessed portions 36 of the pistom'the lead-1;v

on spining ends of said spindles co-acting lugs 28, as, clearlyrepresented in Fig.1 2. I

to prevent too great outward pressure, or any other means, such= as atension spring used or a positive stop may-limit the outward movement ofthe abutment. be apparent that said springs 33 are disposed at suchpoint that they may be main-' through the hollow pistons and maintainedin circulation by having one set of the pmeach abutment 27, -28 ispacked at top and beingalso preferably provided upon the ends, as .willbe more fully hereinafter described. Each abutment 30, 31' is normally.spring pressed iriward. by means of coiled springs38 suitably mountedupon lugs provided upon the abutme'nts and easing, suitable means beingprovided to adjust the ten sion of said springs as indicated atPreferably also cushioning means are pro' vided to absorb ,the shock ofthe outward movement of said abutments. For such purpose, I hereinprovide coiled springs 40 mounted upon studs 40- of any suitablematerial, as steel, fiber, hard rubber, or some suitable slightlyyielding substance. If neclng air through the space behind" theabutmanner and-if desired a plunger may be emother fluid.- The saidabutments contact with said springs 40 during theiroutward plosionoccurs the lugs 40 rest on the studs 40'. 4

- The working piston 7 is substantially concentric throughoutlitsperiphelywhen the abutments 27, 28 are in retracted position.

working piston, each piston abutment-27 28 periodically contacts withthe casin abut-' ments 30, 31, forcing he same radiafiy out ward as saidpiston move radially compression chamber,

ecompression chamber.

the piston abutments .ments as the leading face of said compres- Thissupersedi'n by It will tons arms inclined like a fan. Preferably,

Normally the casing abutme'nts 30, 31 are of 1 the casing in Ht:

sion chambers is done without lossorywith upon the inner faces ofls'aida butm'ents 27% necessary, these spindles may, however, be I fastened toabutments 27 and 28 and utilized between the abutment and piston, may betained cool by the currents of air passing bottom as indicated at 37,suitable packing essary these sprlngs may be cooled by forcments 30 and31 or in any cther'suitableployed cushioning the blow upon air or imovement, and preferably before the exsired degree. .Duringthe rotationof the out appreciable loss of the compression in said chambers. At themoment of explosion of the charges in said compression chambers anduntil the discharge of the spent gases through the exits i 44, thepiston abutments 27 and 28 remain at their limit or outward radialmovement, but upon their approach to the succeeding compression chamberare moved radially inward in any suitable manner. For that purpose, Iprovide rods or rolls mounted in the (as ing in any suitable manner anddisposed in such relation to the said abutments that they move the sameinwardly to the required extent. Preferably, between the rods or rolls45 and compressionchambers 19 and 20, I provide suitable packing strips.or bars 46. If desired, and as represented in Fig.

2, the rear end of the outer face of each piston abutment is beveledinwardly, as shown at 57. The construction of the piston abutment issuch that, the rear end of the outer faces thereof pass the packingstrips 46,'they pass obliquely across or through the compressionchamber, the said abutments at the same time displacing the casingabutments 30 and 31 by outward movement of the latter. due engagingfaces of the piston and casing abutments a e such as to prevent the esrape of any appreciable portion of the compressed charge between them.

It is apparent that any suitable number of charging pistons and workingpistons may be employed. For example, I may mount upon the shaft 1 onecharging piston between two working pistons, orany other suitablearrangement and disposition of such pistons may be provided to suit therequirements of the particular case. The provision of a working pistonhaving two diametrically opposed abutments co-acting manner, I obtainfull with the opposed compression chambers gives four blows perrevolution of the shaft 1,101 the equivalent of an eight cylinder, fourcycle engine. If a charging piston havinga partition through its centerbe mounted between two working pistons and the working pistons be sokeyed that the abut-ments'o'f one have a lead of ninety degrees over theother, the equivalent of a sixteen cylinder, four cycle engine isprovided, with the advantage of a long leverage, a clean mixture, fullexpansion of the gases and less'parts and lighter weight. w The'proportions of the parts are such as to obtain the proper pressure ofthe expansive mixture in the compression chambers 19 and 20. Moreover,the volume of the chambers between each casing abutment 30and' 31 andthe exhaust passages 43 and His much charging chambers 13 and 14 (seeFig. 1). In this and 44.

expansion of the gases. beforethey reach the exhaust passages 13;

face, the projecting webs between said.

grooves being received in suitable annular grooves 51 provided in theinner face of the casing 2. In the compression chambers, shown at theright in Fig. 3, the groove adjoining the piston is formed in the wallof the casing. Since the casing abutments 17 and 18 are never forcedoutwardly by the charging piston beyond the inner edge of the grooves51, such abutments are at all times radially inside the outer limit ofthe flanges 46 and i7, thus an effective packing is secured and thenecessity for extremely fine work is eliminated. At the opposite orexplosion end of the casing 2, the groove adjacent the working piston isformed in the annular flange to provide for the inward movement of thecasing abut-ments 30 and 31, and for the inward movement of the pistonabutments 27 and 28, which never move radially inward beyond the innerlimits of the walls of the said grooves 51 in the casing. It will beapparent that the flanges 47 and 48 are provided withshoulderedportions' intermediate their inner and outer faces, whichrotate in corresponding portions of the casing.

The charging or compression piston need not be directly mounted upon theshaft 1, but may be supported wholly bythe tie rods 49, as clearlyindicated in Fig. 2. By this arrangement of parts, much weight iseliminated and space is given for a water or oil pump inside thebearings, which may be provided upon a suitable casting to be bolted tothe casing.

Suitable sparking plugs 52 (see Fig. 3) are provided in the compressionchambers 19and 20, the explosion occurring when the timer springs 53(see Fig. 3) contact with the projections 54 provided upon the wortingpiston.

Any suitable means may be provfided for oiling the parts: In Figs. 1 and2, the casing is represented as provided at its upper portion with-aboss 55 :to receive an oil pipe, relief cocks vbeing""provided atsuitable points, as represented at 56. If desired,

however, the oiling may be accomplished through hollows formed throughthe pistons permitting the oil to be thrown out- Ward throughcentrifugal force. Any suit-- able cooling liuid may be employed.

- therein provided with Having thus described one type or embodiment ofmy invention, I desire it to be understood that although specific termsare employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense and notfor purposes'of limitation, thescope of the inventlon being set forth inthe following claims.

Claims. v e

1. A single expansion explosion engine comprising a casing having apassage or chamber, and means to compress, ignite and permit theexplosion of separate charges thereinincluding a shaft mounted to rotatein said casing, arotary working piston mounted upon said shaft, and arotary compressor acting to compress the explosive charge in said casingbetween the wall thereof and the rotary compressor and into said passageor chamber, there being at all times unobstructed communication betweenthe working piston and said rotary compressor;

2. A single expansion explosion engine comprising a casing having apassage or chamber, and means to compress, ignite and permit theexplosion of separate charges therein including a shaft mounted in saidcasing, a working piston and compression means rotating with said pistonand mounted upon said shaft, the compressing means acting to compressthe explosive charge into said passage or chamber, there being at alltimes unobstructed communication between the compression means and the-working piston.

3. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mountedtherein, a working piston mounted upon-said shaft, said piston beingprovided, with a. face or faces' adapted to utilize the rotative efi'ectof the charge, and means to position said face or faces in advance ofsaid charge or charges without enlarging the space occupied. by s 1dcharge or charges.

4. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing and a shaft mountedtherein, a r0- tary working piston and compression means rotating withsaid piston and mounted upon said shaft, there being a firing chamberwithin said casing, in which the charges are separately compressed,ignited and expanded, said compression means compressing the chargedirectly into the firing chamber and against said working piston, andmeans for retaining said compression thereof in said firing chamberuntil fired.

- 5. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing having a passage orchamber charge ignition means, a shaft mounted; rotate in said casingpaworking piston, nd compression 1 means rotating wlth said P1513011 andmounted on said shaft, there being a firing chamber within said -casing,said compression means compressing the charge directlyint the said firstmentioned passage or chamber, said passage or chamber being at all timesin unobstructed communication with said working piston.

6. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mountedtherein, a working piston, andcompression meansrotating with said pistonand mounted upon said shaft, said compression means com-l pressing thecharge directly irito the explosion chamber and against said workingpiston, a pivoted abutment or abutments. carried by said working piston,there being provisions whereby-the said abutment or abutments may beforced outwardly.-

TTHA. rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted torotate therein, a working piston mounted upon said shaft, means tocompress a charge or charges directly against said working piston,afpivoted abutment or abutments mountedupon and rotating with saidpiston, there being provisions whereby the abutment or abut- .ments maybe forced outwardly, and means within said casing to force said abutmentor abutments inward at the proper time.

8. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted forrotation therein, a working piston mounted for rotation with said shaft,a compression chamber being formed between said casing and supply acompressed expansive mixture to said chamber, said working piston havingan impact receiving-abutment and means to position said abutment astheleading wall of said chamber and to ignite'saidmixture withoutappreciable loss of compression therein.

'10-. A rotary explosion" engine comprising a casing, a shaft mountedfor rotation.

therein, a working piston mounted for rotation with saidshaft,acompression chamber beingv formed between said-easing and piston 'meansto Sup ly a compressed ex pansivemixture to sai d chamber, and abutmentscarried by said casing and piston respectively and adapted successively:toiform the leading'wall ofsaid compression chamber, I V 7 11. A rotary,explosion'engine comprising a casing, aishaft' mounted for rotationtherein, a WOI'kiIlP- piston mounted for rotation with said shaft, acompression chamber being formed between said casing and piston, meansto supply a con'ipressed expansive mixture tosaid. chamber, a movableabutment mounted in, the casing and adapted to form the leadingwa'll ofsaid compression chamber, said engine having provisions to displace saidabutment.

a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation therein, a working piston mountedfor rotation with said shaft, a compression chamber being formed betweensaid casing and piston,

means to supply a compressed expansive mixture to said chamber, a'movable abutment mounted in the casing and. adapted to form the leadingwail of said compression chamber, and means movable with said piston tosupersede said abutment as the leading: wall of said compressionchamber. i

13. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft nounted forrotation therein, a working piston mounted for rotation with said shaft,a compression chamber be ing. formed between said casing and piston,means to supply a compressed expansive mixture to said chamber, amovable abutment mounted in said casing and adapted 3G to form theleadingface of said compression chamber until a charge is compressedtherein, and means movable-with said piston to replace said abutment asthe leading face of said chamber prior to ignition.

let. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted forrotation therein, a working piston mounted for rotation with said shaft,a compression chamber being formed between said casing and piston, 4ueans to supply a compressed expansive mixture to said chamber, amovable abutment non-rotary with the piston, and adapted to form theleading face of said (CUIHPI'CSSlUH chamber, and an abutment carried bysaid working piston adapted to engage the morable abutment and todisplace it from its position as the leading wall of said compressionchamber.

15. A rotary cxplision engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted forrotation therein, a working piston mounted for rotation with said shaft,1 compression chamber be ing' formed between said casing and piston,mean: to supply a compressed expansive mixture to said chamber, andradially movable abutments rarried by the casing and piston res'ieetively and each adapted to form periodically the leading face ofsaid compi ssion chamber. in rolarv explosion engine comprising a casie. a s 'aft mounted for rotation lh re .in. a v/orl-iinug piston mount dfor rotation with sari slal't. a compression chamber bee i: formedbetween said casing and piston.

m an-n I 12. A rotary explosion engine comprising ously of said pistoninto said chamber and to compress it; therein, aid working piston havingan impact receiving abutment and means to position said abutment as theleading wall of said chan'iber without appreci able loss of compressiontherein.

17. A rotary explosion enoiue comprising a casing, a shaft mounted forrotai ion thcrcin, a working piston mounted for rotation with saidshaft, a compression chamber bcing formed between said cas ng and pistm,means to pass an expan ive mixtu 'c cxtram ously of said piston intosaid chamber and to compress it therein, movable mrmbcr -z carried bysaid casin; and 'iiston respectively and adapted to act period ing wallof. said compression cbambtu' and shock absorbing means for saidmembers.

18. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted forrotation time in, a working piston mounted for rotation with said shaft,a compression chamber being formed between said casing and piston, meansto pass an expansive mixture exlrane' ously of said piston into saidchamlau and to compre-=s it therein, and movable abut.

ments carried by said casinp; and pi-ton espectively, the firstmentioned abrlmcnt be.- ing adapted to act as the leading wall of thecompression chamber during the comprrssion of the charge therein, andthe la t mentioned abutnmnt acting as such leading wall when the chargeignite-l.

.19. rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaftniounied forrotation there -11], a charging piston and a working piston mounted uponsaid shaftfor rotation therewith, a (baffling chamber being formedbetween said charging piston and casino, and an explosion chamber lee!worn said working piston and casing, said chambers being in direct cr-u1munication, an abutment rotatable with said working piston, andmeans to position it as the leading wall of said compression chamber.

20. A rotary explosion engine comprising 'a casing, a shaft mounted forrotation there in, a charging piston and a Working piston mounted uponsaid shaft. for rotation therewith, a charging chamber being formedbetween said charging piston and casing and an explosion chamber being'formed between said working piston and casing. an abutment rotatablewith said working piston, and means to advance said abutn'ient from therear of said compression chamber to the ically as the lead piston andcasing, said chambers having at all times free and opencommunication, an

abutment carried by said casing and adaptpiston and easing, pivotedabutments car-- ried respectively by the chamber and the working piston,said abutments being adapted to act periodically as the leading face ofsaid explosion chamber. v

23. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted forrotation therein, a charging piston and a working p-ton mounted uponsaid shaft for rotation therewith, a charging chamber being formedbetween said charging piston and casing and an explosion chamber betweensaid working piston and casing, spring pressed movable abutments beinmounted respectively upon said casing and working piston, sa'idabutments being ada ted to act periodically and successively as t eleading faceof said explosion chamber.

24. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted forrotation therein, a charging piston and a working piston mounted uponsaid shaft for rotation therewith, a charging chamber being formedbetween said charging .piston and casing and an explosion chamberbetween said working pistonand easing, spring pressed movable abutmentsbeing mounted respectively upon said casing and working piston, saiabutments being adapted to act periodically and successively as theleading face of said explosion chamber, and cushioning means for theabutments.

'25. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted forrotation therein,"a charging piston and a working piston mounted uponsaid shaft for rotation there- 1 with, a charging chamber being formedbetween said charging piston and casing and an explosion chamber betweensaid working piston and casing, a niovable abutment carried by theworking piston, means tending normally to move said abutment outward,

'means in the rear of said explosion chamber to force said abutmentinward, and an abutment carried by said casing and adapted to actperiodically as the leading-face of said explosion chamber.

26. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted forrotation therein, a charging piston and a working piston mounted uponsaid shaft for rotation therewith, a char ing chamber being formedbetween'said c arging piston and casing and an explosion chamber betweensaid,working piston and casing, a pivoted abutment carried by saidworkingpiston, a spring tending normally to force the same outward,means carried by said casing and in the rear of the explosion chamber toforce said abutment inward, and an abutment carried by said casing andadapted periodically to form the leading face of said explosion chamber.1

27, A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted forrotation therein, a charging piston and ya working piston mounted uponsaid shaft for rotation therewith, a charging chamber being formedbetween said charging piston and casing and "an explosion chamberbetween said working piston and casing, a pivoted abutment mounted uponsaid working piston, means tending normally to force the 7 same outward,fixed means carried by said casing and adapted to force the abutment:inwar'd in the rear of the explosion chamber, and a pivoted abutmentcarried by the casing and adapted periodically to form the leading faceof said explosion chamber.

28'. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted torot'atetherein, a working piston mounted upon said shaft to rotatetherewith, a com ression chamber being formed between sai piston andcasing, means to compress a charge in' said chamber, a plurality ofimpact receiving abutments carried by said piston, and means forplacing'said 'abutments simultaneously inoperative position for firingwith respect to said-chambers without appreciable loss therein. .7 v

'29. A rotary explosion 'engin'e compris- 'ing a casing, a shaft mountedtherein, a

working piston and compression means rotating with said pist'6i1 andmounted upon said shaft, a compression chamber being formed within said'casing, said working piston having. an impact receiving abutment orabutments, and means to position said abutment or abut-ments as theleading wall or walls of said compression chamberand to ignite saidcharge before appreciable loss of compression therein.

30. A rotary engine comprising a casing; a shaft mounted therein, a;piston mounted upon said shaft and having .an 1internal air passage, oneor more mgvable ahutments carried by said piston, and a spring pressedspindle or spindles actuating said abutment or abutments, said springsbeing located in said air passage.

31. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted torotate therein, a charging piston and a working piston mounted upon saidshaft to rotate therewith, and means whereby a plurality of charges maybe simultaneously compressed by said charging piston at pointsequalizing the pressure upon the surface of said piston, a plurality ofabut-ments carried by said working piston, and means to position saidabutments in advance of the compressed charge without appreciable lossof compression.

W. A rotar i x lo.io h e coin risin y e p s n en 1 p b a casing, a shaftmounted to rotate therein, aeharging piston and a working piston mountedupon said shaft to rotate therewith, andhieans whereby a plurality ofcharges may be simultaneously compressed by said charging pistondirectly into the firing chamber atpoints equalizing the pressure uponthe surface of both pistons, abutments carried by said casing andagainst which said charges may be compressed, and a plurality ofabutments carried by said working piston and adapted to receive themotive force of said charges when ignited.

33. A, rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted torotate therein, a charging piston and a working piston mounted upon saidshaft to rotate therewith, and means whereby a plurality of charges maybe simultaneously con'ipressed by said charging piston at pointsequalizing the pressure upon the surface of.said piston, movableabutments carried by said casing and against which said charges may becompre d. and a plurality of movable abutmcnts carriedby saidworkingpiston and adapted to replace said casing and to receive theimpact of said charges when ignited.

3%. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted torotate therein, a ch'ar. ;in,c piston and a Working piston mountedthereon to rotate therewith, means whereby the charging piston procurestwo charges simultanermsly through substantially one quarter revolutionthereof and compresses said. charges through substantially one quarterof said revolution, a pair of oppositely disposed compression cha n bersbeing provided into which said charges are simultaneously compressed, aplurality of abutments carried by said Working piston, and means toretain the compression in said compression chambers until the saidabutments reach a position in advance thereof.

35. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing. a shaftmounted torotate therein, a charging piston and a. working piston mounted thereonto rotate therewith, means whereby the charging piston procures twocharges simultaneously through substantially one half revolution thereofand compresses said charges through i the balance of said revolution, :1pair of oping provided, into which said charges are simultaneouslycompressed, a plurality of abutments carried by said working piston, andmeans to retain the compression in said compression chambers until thesaid abutments reach a position in advance thereof, and means forsimultaneously exploding and exhausting the two charges.

36. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaftmounted forrotation therein, a working piston and a charging piston mounted thereonfor rotation therewith, and one or more abutments carried bysaid casingand adapted to cooperate with said charging piston. to direct the chargeor charges to the point or points otcompression in operative relation tosaid Working piston, said abutment or'abutments having a passage thereinfor the entry of the charges to be compressed.

37. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted forrotation therein, a working piston and a charging piston mounted thereonfor rotation therewith; a compression chamber being formed between saidcasing and said working piston, an abutment carried by said workingpiston and adapted to receive the impact of the charge in saidcompression chamber when ignited, and an abutment carried by said.casing and cooperating with the eharging' piston and having a. passagetherein for the entryof the charge to be compressed.

38. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, shaftmounted forrotation there'- in, a working piston and a charging piston mountedthereon for rotation therewith, a compression chamber beingforinedbetween said casing and said working piston, a movable abutmentcarr'ied'by said Working pis ton, and a. movable abutment carried bysaid casing, and each adapted periodically to form the leading face ofsaid compression chamber, and an abutment carried by said casing andadapted to,- cooperate with the charging piston, said abutment having a.passage or passages thepein for the entry of the charge.

39. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaftmounted'forrotation therein, a Working piston and a charging pistonmounted thereon. for rotation therewith, a

compression chamber being formed between said casing and said workingpiston, a m0vable abutment carried by said Working piston, and a movableabutment carried by said casing, said abutments beingadaptedperiodically and successively to form-the leading face of saidcompression chamber, and a movable abutment cooperating with saidcharging piston and having apassage therein for the entry of theexplosive charge.

4i). A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mountedtherein, a working piston and a charging piston mounted 'mounted uponsaid shaft, said pistons having annular flanges 4:6, 47 and: 48 mountedthereon, and tie rods 49 for securing said flanges in position," saidflanges and the inner face of said casing being provided with grooves 50and 51.

42. Arotar'y explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted torotate therein,

a charging piston and a working mounted to rotate with said shaft, said"istons having at alltimes free and o n; uid communication and meanswhere y such charging piston may simultaneously procure andsimultaneously compress two or more:

charges, and whereby said working piston may simultaneously receive twoor more explosions and simultaneously exhaust two or more explosions. I

43. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft to rotatetherein, a

charging piston ands working piston rotating with said shaft, therebeing at all times an open fluid communicatingpassage, between saidpistons, means permitting in said communicating passage but. a singlecompression, ignition and expansion of each charge, and meansforsecuring balancing;

of both pistons at all times.

4,4. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted torotate therein, 1

a charging pistonv and a working piston mounted upon said shaft androtatable therewith, said pistons being at all times in' open fluidcommunication,- said; charging piston compressing separate charges for,separate ignition and, expansion, and means for maintaining said pistonsbalanced at all times.

45. A rotary explosion engine .of the single expansion type comprising acasing, chambers being formed within said casing, a shaft mounted insaid casing, a working pis ton mounted on'said shaft, means to secureand to ma ntain normal maximum com-- pression of a *parate charge insaid chambers befere arid during the positioning of the operativeportion 0f the pistonhead in advance threof; means permitting but asingle expansion of each charge, and means for balancing said piston atall times.

46. A rotary explosion engine ofthe sin le. expansion type comprising acasing,

, a s aft mounted to rotatetherein, a" working piston,- and compressionmeansrotatmgwith said piston and mounted upon 'said shaft, there being afiring chamber or champistonbers, within said casing, and separateignition means within said chamber, means for compressing a charge orcharges directly in said firingchamber or chambers, means permitting buta single expansion of each charge, and means for maintaining saidrotating members balanced at all times.

47. A, rotary engine driven by an expansive charge and comprising acasing, a piston mounted therein, means for balancing, said piston atall times, a face or faces upon said piston being adapted to utilize therotative power of the charge, and means to position said face or facesin advance of said charge or charges without enlarging the so 1 spaceoccupied by said charge or charges.

. 4L8.--A rotary engine driven by an expensive charge comprising acasing, a shaft mounted to rotate therein, a piston mounted upon saidshaft, a chamber or chambers being formed within said casing, means tosupplya compressedexpansive charge or charges to said chamber orchambers, a pivoted abutment rotatable with said piston, and means toposition said abutment as the leadin wall of said chamberwithoutapprecia 1e loss of compression. 49. A 'rotary explosion enginecomprising a. casing, a shaft mounted thereim a working piston mountedupon-said shaft, an explosion chamber within said casing, and means to.compress a charge directly into said chamber, said piston havingdetachable annular flanges secured to its ends for the purpose ofconstruction orpacking.

' 50. A. rotary engine comprising. a casing and a working pistonrotating therein and having supporting arms, said arms being vinclin'edto the'axis of thepiston and the interior thereof being openlyconstructed to provide an 'airpassage, through which air may be forced,a sprin orsprings carried by said piston and wit in thetair passage, anda mbvable abutment or abutments within said casing and perated by saidspring or'springs g x v 51. A rotary engine, driven by" an 'expansivecharge, and comprising a casing, a

shaft mounted therein, a piston mounted I upon said shaft, a chamber orchambers within said casing, means to supply a compressed expansivecharge or charges to said chamber or chambers, a pivoted abutmentrotatable with said piston, and means to posaid chamber without,appreciable lossof compression, said piston and easing beingconstructedto allow free internal; passage of a cooling current,

52. A rotary explosion engine comprising j 'sition said abutment as theleading wall of.

pressing a charge directly into the firing a casing, a single. shaftmounted for rotation therein and a charging piston mounted upon androtating with said shattwlthin said easing, said piston havingapproximately one halt its pt-iripln'ry eoin-entrurally disposedand ofgreatest radius with respect to said shaft, and the remainder beingeccentric to said shaft, so that substantially one half revolution isemployed for suction ant one half for compression.

rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a single shaft mounted forrotation therein, a charging piston and av working piston mounted uponand rotating with said shatt and in fluid eon'nnunication. the peripheryof said charging piston being concentri ally and errentrit'ally disposedwith respect to said shal't, :-aid concentric ortion having the glEttlt"radius.

5.3. An explosion engine eon'iprising a casing, a single shaft mountedfor rotation tl erein, a working piston and a charging piston mountedupon said shaftand rotating together and in fluid communication, theperiphery of said charging piston being concenlricallv and eecentricallydisposed with respect to said shaft. said eoneentri portion bein;adapted by its rotation to close and open casing ports.

56. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a single shaftmounted for rotation therein, a charging piston mounted upon androtating with said shaft within said casin f. said piston havingaplnoxiinaitely one half its periphery eoneentrically disposed withrespect to said shaft, and the remainder being eee ntriealtv disposed,said concentric portion by its rotation closing and opening the casingports.

57. A rotary explosion engine con'iprising a casing, a shaft; mounted torotate therein, a charging piston and a working piston mounted upon saidshaft, gates in contact with said charging piston, the periphery of saidcharging piston having long and short concentric radii whose connectinginclines are suflieiently gradual to allow constant contact of the gateends and also rotation in either direction and the periphery of theworking piston having a substantially radial shoulder.

A rotary engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted therein, a Workingpiston mounted uponsaidfihaft, one or more movable abutments rotatingwith said piston, a spring or springs positioned within said casing andadapted to operate upon said abutment or ahutments, and means tocirculate a cooling fluid in etteetire cooling relation with saidsprings. i

a casing. a shaft mounted therein, a Working piston and compressionmeans rotating with said piston and mounted upon said shaft, cooperatingcompression means independent of said shaft, a compression chamber beingformed in said casing, said Working piston having an impact receivingabutment or ah-utments, and means to position said abutment or ahutmentsas the leading wall or walls of said compression chamber Without appreeiahle loss of compression therein.

(30. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mountedtherein, a working said piston but directly carried by said shaft, acompression chamber being formed in said casing, said working pistonhaving an impact receiving abutment or abutments, and means to positionsaid abutment or ahutments as the leading wall or Walls of saidcompression chamber without appreeiahle loss of compression therein.

(31. In a rotary explosive engine. eylin ders, a compression piston andan actuating arranged in the respective cylinders, the con'ipressionpiston having an eccentricallyarranged peripheral compression pocket,and the actuating piston having an expansion pocket of like constructionand arrangement. a tiring chamber in communication with the eyli tier ofthe actuating piston, and means to control the passage of each chargefrom the compression pocket to the expansion pocket through the firingchamber. I

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDXV. K. STANDISH. \Vi t'nesses:

Josnrn F. \VARRRN, Tnvixo U. Townsnxn.

51-). rotary explosion engine comprising piston and compression meansrotating Withv piston connected to revolve as a unit and

